The museum housed artifacts that were found on the site of the Acropolis of Athens.

They derive mainly from the Parthenon, Propylae, Erechtheum, Temple of Athena Nike, Eleusinion, Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia or Brauroneion, Chalkotheke, Pandroseion, the Old Temple of Athena, the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, the sanctuary of Asclepius or Asclepieion, Theatre of Dionysus, the odeon of Pericles and the Temenos of Dionysus.

The Acropolis Museum is an archaeological museum focused on the findings of the archaeological site of the Acropolis of Athens. The museum was built to house every artifact found on the rock and on its surrounding slopes, from the Greek Bronze Age to Roman and Byzantine Greece. It also lies on the archaeological site of Makrygianni and the ruins of a part of Roman and early Byzantine Athens.

The museum was opened in 2009 and is one of the most visited museums in Athens. It houses more than 4,000 artifacts from the Acropolis, as well as many sculptures, architectural elements and everyday objects. The museum also has a cafe-restaurant with a terrace overlooking the Acropolis and the city. It also features a multimedia tour through the exhibits, as well as a virtual reality experience of the Parthenon. The museum also has an educational center, which offers a variety of activities such as lectures, workshops, and guided tours.